Unified Theory of the Origins of Erosive Arthritis: Conditioning as a Protective/Directing Mechanism?

BRUCE M. ROTHSCHILD, CHRISTINE ROTHSCHILD, and MARK HELBLING

ABSTRACT.

Objective. To validate the western Tennessee River limits of the originally described rheumatoid arthritis (RA) catchment area and to assess the possibility that absence of tuberculosis allowed the original development of RA. The hypothesis that RA was related to tuberculosis was once a driving force in treatment approach. RA initially was very limited in geographic distribution, in contrast to tuberculosis. Classical tubercular lesions were not observed in the rheumatoid catchment area in ancient times. Similarities between clinical and radiologic manifestations of spondyloarthropathy (SpA) and adjuvant arthritis raised the possibility of a potential conditioning role for occurrence of nonrheumatoid erosive arthritis.

Methods. Skeletal samples from ancient RA catchment and non-catchment areas were compared for frequency of tubercular-relatable pathologies.

Results. Tubercular-relatable osseous pathologies were found only outside the rheumatoid catchment area (p < 0.0001). The original RA catchment area was confirmed not to extend beyond the western portion of the Tennessee River.

Conclusion. There is an inverse relationship between occurrence of tuberculosis and RA in the Archaic and Early Woodland periods of North America. The virtually universal presence of tuberculosis in contiguous Amerindian populations contrasts dramatically with its absence in the ancient catchment area for RA. Conversely, SpA and tuberculosis do occur in the same populations. Tuberculosis may represent a conditioning agent for development of SpA, but at least potentially provides protection against development of RA. (J Rheumatol 2003;30:2095-102)

Key Indexing Terms:

SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
TUBERCULOSIS
PALEOEPIDEMIOLOGY
EROSIVE ARTHRITIS

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From the Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio, Youngstown, Ohio, USA.

B.M. Rothschild, MD, Director, Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio; Professor of Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine; Research Associate, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Research Associate, University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Lawrence, Kansas; C. Rothschild, BS, RN; M. Helbling, Research Associate, Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio.

Address reprint requests to Dr. B.M. Rothschild, Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio, 5500 Market, Youngstown, OH 44512. E-mail: bmr@neoucom.edu

Submitted September 24, 2002; revision accepted February 3, 2003.

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