 |
|
|
 |
Employment Across Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases and Comparison with the General Population
WILFRIED MAU, JOACHIM LISTING, DOERTE HUSCHER, HENNING ZEIDLER, and ANGELA ZINK, for the German Collaborative Arthritis Centers
ABSTRACT.
Methods. Data from the German rheumatological database on outpatients of working age (20–59 yrs) between 1993 and 2001 were analyzed. The patients had rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 26,071), ankylosing spondylitis (AS; n = 5564), psoriatic arthritis (PsA; n = 6041), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; n = 4603), systemic sclerosis (SSc; n = 802), or Wegener's granulomatosis (WG; n = 385). Using population data, standardized employment ratios (SER) and part-time employment ratios of observed versus expected cases with 95% CI were calculated by means of indirect standardization for age and year of documentation. Results. Across all diseases the overall employment rates were significantly lower than in the general population. Significant differences in SER were found between the diseases. The lowest SER of 0.76 to 0.81 (1.0 = population) were found in patients with RA, SLE, SSc, and WG. Higher SER were seen in AS (0.94) and PsA (0.92). In patients with a disease duration > 10 years the relative risk of being employed compared to RA, was 1.42 for AS, 1.26 for PsA, and 1.15, 1.03, 0.62 for PsA, SLE, SSc and WG, respectively. Comparing areas with low and high unemployment rates, a highly significant influence of labor market conditions on the SER was observed. The SER were significantly lower in patients with < 10 years of school education. Conclusion. Differences between employment rates in the population and the rates for the diseases under study are smaller than assumed by most clinical studies, especially in AS and PsA. However, these differences increase with longer disease duration. Specific measures to prevent patients from losing their job are needed, especially in areas with overall high unemployment. (J Rheumatol 2005;32:721-8) Key Indexing Terms:
EMPLOYMENT
From the Institute for Rehabilitation Medicine, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle; the Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin; and the Division of Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Supported by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Health (FB2-433346-8/13) and by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the Competence Network Rheumatology (01GI/9944/3). W. Mau, MD, PhD, Professor, Institute for Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; J. Listing, PhD, Statistician; D. Huscher, Statistician; A. Zink, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Center; H. Zeidler, MD, PhD, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School. Drs. Mau and Listing contributed equally to this report. The Working Group of the German Collaborative Arthritis Centers (speaker: M. Schneider, Duesseldorf; local speakers in parentheses): Aachen/Cologne/Bonn (E. Genth), Berlin (J. Sieper), Dresden (H.E. Schroeder), Duesseldorf (M. Schneider), Erlangen (B. Swoboda), Essen (C. Specker), Giessen/Bad Nauheim (K.L. Schmidt), Greifswald (H. Merk), Hannover (H. Zeidler), Heidelberg (U. Schneider), Jena (G. Hein), Leipzig (H. Haentzschel), Luebeck/Bad Bramstedt (W.L. Gross), Magdeburg/Vogelsang (J. Kekow), Mainz/Bad Kreuznach (R. Dreher), Munich (M. Schattenkirchner), Muenster (M. Gaubitz), Ostwestfalen/Lippe (H. Mielke), Regensburg/Bad Abbach (U. Mueller-Ladner), Rhein-Main (J.P. Kaltwasser), Rostock (M. Keysser), Saarland (M. Pfreundschuh), Suedbaden (H.H. Peter), Suedwuerttemberg (R. Maleitzke). Address reprint requests to Prof. Dr. W. Mau, Institute for Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany. E-mail: wilfried.mau@medizin.uni-halle.de Submitted May 17, 2004; revision accepted October 29, 2004. |