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The Prevalence of Hyperuricemia in a Population of the Coastal City of Qingdao, China
HAIRONG NAN, QING QIAO, YANHU DONG, WEIGUO GAO, BIN TANG, RONGLI QIAN, and JAAKKO TUOMILEHTO ABSTRACT. Objective. Hyperuricemia and gout have shown an increase worldwide. Data are lacking for the prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout and their correlates in China. We studied the occurrence of these conditions in Chinese adults in the city of Qingdao. Methods. A population-based cross-sectional survey for hyperuricemia and gout was performed among 2438 adults (1535 women, 903 men; aged 20–74 yrs) in 2002. Fasting serum uric acid (UA) and lipid profiles were determined, as well as height, weight, and blood pressure. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum UA levels > 420 µmol/l in men and > 360 µmol/l in women. Diagnosis of gout was self-reported. Complete biochemical and questionnaire data were available for analysis from 1303 women and 720 men. Results. The age-standardized prevalence was 25.3% for hyperuricemia and 0.36% for gout in adults aged 20 to 74 years. Hyperuricemia was more prevalent in men than in women (32.1% vs 21.8%; p < 0.001). Age-adjusted mean serum UA level was 389.3 µmol/l in men and 315.7 µmol/l in women. Serum UA increased with age in women only (p for trend < 0.001). Body mass index and serum triglycerides had the strongest associations with serum UA in both genders, followed by alcohol drinking and diastolic blood pressure in men, and systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol in women. Conclusion. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the urban adult population in Qingdao city is high, while the frequency of gout is lower. Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are the major factors associated with hyperuricemia in this study. (J Rheumatol 2006;33:1346–50) Key Indexing Terms:
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From the Qingdao Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group, Qingdao Endocrine and Diabetes Institute, Qingdao, China; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Beijing University First Hospital, Beijing, China; and the South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland. Supported by the Bureau of Science and Technology, Qingdao (2001KNS-E-5); LifeScan, Inc., Johnson & Johnson Company, China; the Academy of Finland (46558); and the Paulo Foundation, Future Forum Grant 2004, Finland. H.R. Nan, MD, Research Fellow, Qingdao Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki; Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Public Health Institute; Q. Qiao, MD, Senior Researcher, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki; Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Public Health Institute; Y.H. Dong, Professor, MD, Qingdao Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group; W.G. Gao, MD, Research Fellow, Qingdao Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki; Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Public Health Institute; B. Tang, MD, Research Fellow, Qingdao Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group; R.L. Qian, MD, Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing University First Hospital; J. Tuomilehto, MD, Professor, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki; Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit; South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital. Address reprint requests to Dr. H.R. Nan, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PL 41 (Mannerheimintie 172), KTTL, 6 krs, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland. E-mail: hairong.nan@helsinki.fi Accepted for publication February 26, 2006.
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